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Irving Bieber (1909 – 1991) was an American psychoanalyst, best known for his study ''Homosexuality: A Psychoanalytic Study of Male Homosexuals'' (1962), in which he took the since discredited position that homosexuality is an illness. Bieber, one of the most influential American psychoanalysts who attempted to convert gay men to heterosexuality, received abuse and insults from gay activists. ==Life and career== Irving Bieber was born in New York City and graduated from New York University Medical College in 1930. He went on to work at Yale Medical College, New York University, and starting in 1953 at the New York Medical College, where he taught a course in psychoanalysis. Bieber was, along with Lionel Ovesey and Charles Socarides, one of the most influential American psychoanalysts who attempted to convert gay men to heterosexuality. Bieber's 1962 book ''Homosexuality: A Psychoanalytic Study of Male Homosexuals'' was a counter reaction to the 1948 Kinsey Report on male sexual behavior. It remained the leading study on homosexuality until homosexuality was removed from DSM-III in 1973.〔William J. Spurlin, 'Culture, Rhetoric, and Queer Identity', ''James Baldwin Now'', ed. Dwight A. McBride, New York University Press, 1999, pages 107-108〕 In 1970, Bieber attended a meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in San Francisco that was disrupted by gay activists, one of whom called him a "motherfucker." According to Socarides, Bieber, who had "been working all these years to help these people", "took this very hard." In 1973, Bieber told an interviewer that "a homosexual is a person whose heterosexual function is crippled, like the legs of a polio victim."〔 Bieber arranged a partial translation into English of a paper by the Hungarian pediatrician S. Lindner, who had reported a systematic study of sucking. Sigmund Freud had used Lindner's observation that sensual sucking seems to absorb the attention completely and leads to either sleep or an orgasm-like response to develop his theory of infantile sexuality. Bieber pointed out what he saw as inaccuracies in Freud's use of this paper. Bieber died in Manhattan in 1991.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Irving Bieber」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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